Social Psychology in Action by Kai Sassenberg & Michael L. W. Vliek

Author:Kai Sassenberg & Michael L. W. Vliek
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030137885
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Box 8.1 Question for Elaboration

Imagine a cohesive and cooperative volleyball team. Give an example describing how substitutability, positive cathexis, and inducibility intervene during a match.

Cooperation

Social interdependence theory has been instrumental in the development of a systematic theory of cooperation and competition. Moreover, it has led to the development of a long-lasting and productive area of research that has investigated the mechanisms that make cooperation more effective—in terms of effort to achieve positive relationships, psychological adjustment, and social competence—than competition or individual work (Johnson & Johnson, 1989). This area of research has also uncovered the mechanisms that, as a result, lead cooperation to Promote higher productivity and achievement, better interpersonal relationships, psychological health, and self-esteem (Johnson & Johnson, 2015). In particular, the work by Johnson and Johnson (see 2009 for a review) has uncovered five principles that contribute to the effectiveness of cooperation (see Fig. 8.1).1.Positive interdependence. As mentioned earlier, it is crucial for group members to pursue common goals or to consider that individual goals are positively linked in order to work cooperatively (see also Sherif, 1966). Beyond this theoretical statement, it was demonstrated that, indeed, positive interdependence yielded stronger positive effects on achievement than mere group membership (Hwong, Caswell, Johnson, & Johnson, 1993) or mere interaction (Lew, Mesch, Johnson, & Johnson, 1986).

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